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The Antarctic toothfish is a species of cod icefish native to the Southern Ocean. It is often mistakenly referred to as an Antarctic cod, consistent with the misnaming of other notothenioid Antarctic fish as rock cods. However, notothenioid fishes are unrelated to cods, which are in another taxonomic order, the Gadiformes. The common name "toothfish" refers to the presence of biserial dentition in the upper jaw, thought to give it a shark-like appearance. The habitat of the Antarctic toothfish is in subzero degree water below latitude 60°S.
Over the continental shelf, Antarctic toothfish feed on shrimp and small fish, principally another neutrally buoyant nototheniid, the Antarctic silverfish. This loosely schooling species is also a major prey of Adélie and emperor penguins, Weddell seals, and Antarctic minke whales.