Southern fulmar - Revision history

Westarctica at 22:02, 8 May 2018

2018-05-08T22:02:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:02, 8 May 2018
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	[[File:Fulmar.jpg\|thumb\|right\|400px\|The southern fulmar on water]]		[[File:Fulmar.jpg\|thumb\|right\|400px\|The southern fulmar on water]]
	The '''southern fulmar''' (''Fulmarus glacialoides'') is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, ''F. glacialis'', it belongs to the fulmar genus ''Fulmarus'' in the family ''Procellariidae'', the true ~~[[petrel\|~~petrels]]. It is also known as the Antarctic fulmar or silver-grey fulmar.		The '''southern fulmar''' (''Fulmarus glacialoides'') is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, ''F. glacialis'', it belongs to the fulmar genus ''Fulmarus'' in the family ''Procellariidae'', the true petrels. It is also known as the Antarctic fulmar or silver-grey fulmar.

	It is largely pale grey above and white below with a distinctive white patch on the wing. It breeds on the coast of [[Antarctica]] and on surrounding islands, moving north in winter. It nests in colonies on cliffs, laying a single egg on a ledge or crevice. Its diet includes [[krill]], fish and squid picked from the water's surface.		It is largely pale grey above and white below with a distinctive white patch on the wing. It breeds on the coast of [[Antarctica]] and on surrounding islands, moving north in winter. It nests in colonies on cliffs, laying a single egg on a ledge or crevice. Its diet includes [[krill]], fish and squid picked from the water's surface.
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	==Description==		==Description==
	[[File:Fulmar-flight.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A southern fulmar in flight]]		[[File:Fulmar-flight.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A southern fulmar in flight]]
	It is a fairly large, bulky [[petrel]], 45 to 50 cm (18–20 in) long with a wingspan of 110 to 120 cm (43–47 in). The male has an average weight of 795 g (28.0 oz) while the smaller female weighs around 740 g (26 oz). These weights increase to 1,005 and 932 g (35.5 and 32.9 oz) at the start of a shift incubating the eggs.[4] The male has a wing length of 34 cm (13 in), bill length of 44.6 mm (1.76 in), tarsus length of 52.1 mm (2.05 in) and tail length of 12.4 cm (4.88 in). The female has a wing length of 33.9 cm (13.3 in), bill length of 43 mm (1.69 in), tarsus length of 51.5 mm (2.03 in) and tail length of 12.1 cm (4.8 in).		It is a fairly large, bulky petrel, 45 to 50 cm (18–20 in) long with a wingspan of 110 to 120 cm (43–47 in). The male has an average weight of 795 g (28.0 oz) while the smaller female weighs around 740 g (26 oz). These weights increase to 1,005 and 932 g (35.5 and 32.9 oz) at the start of a shift incubating the eggs.[4] The male has a wing length of 34 cm (13 in), bill length of 44.6 mm (1.76 in), tarsus length of 52.1 mm (2.05 in) and tail length of 12.4 cm (4.88 in). The female has a wing length of 33.9 cm (13.3 in), bill length of 43 mm (1.69 in), tarsus length of 51.5 mm (2.03 in) and tail length of 12.1 cm (4.8 in).

	The bird flies with a mixture of shallow flaps and long glides, often looking down to scan the water. The wings are fairly broad and rounded and are held stiff. The plumage is mainly pale silvery-grey above and white below. The head is white with a pale grey crown. The wingtips are blackish with a large white patch and the wings have a dark rear edge. The legs and feet are pale blue. The bill is pink with a black tip and dark bluish naricorns. First-year birds have a more slender bill than the adults.		The bird flies with a mixture of shallow flaps and long glides, often looking down to scan the water. The wings are fairly broad and rounded and are held stiff. The plumage is mainly pale silvery-grey above and white below. The head is white with a pale grey crown. The wingtips are blackish with a large white patch and the wings have a dark rear edge. The legs and feet are pale blue. The bill is pink with a black tip and dark bluish naricorns. First-year birds have a more slender bill than the adults.

Westarctica at 00:49, 4 April 2018

2018-04-04T00:49:46Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:49, 4 April 2018
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	Food is usually picked from the surface of the water but the bird will occasionally dive.		Food is usually picked from the surface of the water but the bird will occasionally dive.

	[[Category:~~Science~~]]		[[Category:Birds]]
	[[Category:Animals of Westarctica]]		[[Category:Animals of Westarctica]]

Westarctica at 07:53, 19 March 2018

2018-03-19T07:53:05Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 07:53, 19 March 2018
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	The '''southern fulmar''' (Fulmarus glacialoides) is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, F. glacialis, it belongs to the fulmar genus Fulmarus in the family Procellariidae, the true petrels. It is also known as the Antarctic fulmar or silver-grey fulmar.		[[File:Fulmar.jpg\|thumb\|right\|400px\|The southern fulmar on water]]
			The '''southern fulmar''' (''Fulmarus glacialoides'') is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, ''F. glacialis'', it belongs to the fulmar genus ''Fulmarus'' in the family ''Procellariidae'', the true [[petrel\|petrels]]. It is also known as the Antarctic fulmar or silver-grey fulmar.

	It is largely pale grey above and white below with a distinctive white patch on the wing. It breeds on the coast of [[Antarctica]] and on surrounding islands, moving north in winter. It nests in colonies on cliffs, laying a single egg on a ledge or crevice. Its diet includes [[krill]], fish and squid picked from the water's surface.		It is largely pale grey above and white below with a distinctive white patch on the wing. It breeds on the coast of [[Antarctica]] and on surrounding islands, moving north in winter. It nests in colonies on cliffs, laying a single egg on a ledge or crevice. Its diet includes [[krill]], fish and squid picked from the water's surface.

	==Description==		==Description==
			[[File:Fulmar-flight.jpg\|thumb\|right\|A southern fulmar in flight]]
	It is a fairly large, bulky [[petrel]], 45 to 50 cm (18–20 in) long with a wingspan of 110 to 120 cm (43–47 in). The male has an average weight of 795 g (28.0 oz) while the smaller female weighs around 740 g (26 oz). These weights increase to 1,005 and 932 g (35.5 and 32.9 oz) at the start of a shift incubating the eggs.[4] The male has a wing length of 34 cm (13 in), bill length of 44.6 mm (1.76 in), tarsus length of 52.1 mm (2.05 in) and tail length of 12.4 cm (4.88 in). The female has a wing length of 33.9 cm (13.3 in), bill length of 43 mm (1.69 in), tarsus length of 51.5 mm (2.03 in) and tail length of 12.1 cm (4.8 in).		It is a fairly large, bulky [[petrel]], 45 to 50 cm (18–20 in) long with a wingspan of 110 to 120 cm (43–47 in). The male has an average weight of 795 g (28.0 oz) while the smaller female weighs around 740 g (26 oz). These weights increase to 1,005 and 932 g (35.5 and 32.9 oz) at the start of a shift incubating the eggs.[4] The male has a wing length of 34 cm (13 in), bill length of 44.6 mm (1.76 in), tarsus length of 52.1 mm (2.05 in) and tail length of 12.4 cm (4.88 in). The female has a wing length of 33.9 cm (13.3 in), bill length of 43 mm (1.69 in), tarsus length of 51.5 mm (2.03 in) and tail length of 12.1 cm (4.8 in).

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	==Distribution==		==Distribution==
			[[File:Southern-Fulmar-dist.gif\|thumb\|right\|Map showing southern fulmar distribution]]
	There are colonies on a number of the islands around Antarctica such as the South Sandwich Islands, South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands, [[Bouvet Island]], and [[Peter I Island]]. The bird also breeds at several sites along the mainland coast of [[Westarctica]].		There are colonies on a number of the islands around Antarctica such as the South Sandwich Islands, South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands, [[Bouvet Island]], and [[Peter I Island]]. The bird also breeds at several sites along the mainland coast of [[Westarctica]].

Westarctica: Created page with "The '''southern fulmar''' (Fulmarus glacialoides) is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, F. glacialis, it belongs to the fulmar genus Fulmaru..."

2018-03-19T07:45:01Z

Created page with "The '''southern fulmar''' (Fulmarus glacialoides) is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, F. glacialis, it belongs to the fulmar genus Fulmaru..."

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The '''southern fulmar''' (Fulmarus glacialoides) is a seabird of the Southern Hemisphere. Along with the northern fulmar, F. glacialis, it belongs to the fulmar genus Fulmarus in the family Procellariidae, the true petrels. It is also known as the Antarctic fulmar or silver-grey fulmar.

It is largely pale grey above and white below with a distinctive white patch on the wing. It breeds on the coast of [[Antarctica]] and on surrounding islands, moving north in winter. It nests in colonies on cliffs, laying a single egg on a ledge or crevice. Its diet includes [[krill]], fish and squid picked from the water's surface.

==Description==
It is a fairly large, bulky [[petrel]], 45 to 50 cm (18–20 in) long with a wingspan of 110 to 120 cm (43–47 in). The male has an average weight of 795 g (28.0 oz) while the smaller female weighs around 740 g (26 oz). These weights increase to 1,005 and 932 g (35.5 and 32.9 oz) at the start of a shift incubating the eggs.[4] The male has a wing length of 34 cm (13 in), bill length of 44.6 mm (1.76 in), tarsus length of 52.1 mm (2.05 in) and tail length of 12.4 cm (4.88 in). The female has a wing length of 33.9 cm (13.3 in), bill length of 43 mm (1.69 in), tarsus length of 51.5 mm (2.03 in) and tail length of 12.1 cm (4.8 in).

The bird flies with a mixture of shallow flaps and long glides, often looking down to scan the water. The wings are fairly broad and rounded and are held stiff. The plumage is mainly pale silvery-grey above and white below. The head is white with a pale grey crown. The wingtips are blackish with a large white patch and the wings have a dark rear edge. The legs and feet are pale blue. The bill is pink with a black tip and dark bluish naricorns. First-year birds have a more slender bill than the adults.

It is usually silent but has loud, cackling calls which are uttered at the nest or in feeding flocks. Courting birds produce soft droning and guttural croaking calls.

==Distribution==
There are colonies on a number of the islands around Antarctica such as the South Sandwich Islands, South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands, [[Bouvet Island]], and [[Peter I Island]]. The bird also breeds at several sites along the mainland coast of [[Westarctica]].

At sea, it mainly occurs along the outer edge of the pack ice in summer with water temperatures of −1.5 to 0.5 °C. In winter, it regularly ranges north to around 40°S latitude. It occurs further north in the cool waters of the Humboldt Current, reaching Peru. Small numbers are seen off the coasts of South Africa, southern Australia and New Zealand. Many birds can be washed up on beaches after storms. There are several unconfirmed reports from the west coast of North America.

It is a common species with a population of at least 4 million individuals. About a million pairs breed on the South Sandwich Islands alone. The species is not thought to be at risk of extinction and is classed as least concern by Birdlife International.

==Behavior==

===Breeding===
The breeding colonies may contain hundreds of birds and are on cliffs in ice-free areas with the birds arriving in October.

The courtship display consists of a pair sitting alongside each other while calling, waving their heads and nibbling and preening each other. The nest is a shallow scrape lined with stone chips. It is built in a spot sheltered from the wind on a ledge or scree slope or in a crevice. A single, white egg is laid during late November or early December. It measures 76 by 51 mm (2.99 by 2.01 in) and weighs about 103 g (3.6 oz). It is incubated for about 45 days with both parents taking turns in stints of 3–9 days.

The down feathers of the young birds are initially white apart from a blue-grey wash on the mantle. The second set of down feathers is grey on the upperparts and flanks while the rest of the underparts and the forehead remain white. The young fledge after around 52 days. Poor weather can lead to high mortality rates among eggs and chicks and they are also preyed on by skuas and sheathbills. Breeding success increases as the parents mature, improving from 48% at age 6–8 to 87% at age 18–20.

===Feeding===
Southern fulmars frequently gather in flocks, often with other species of seabird such as Cape petrels, when there is a concentration of food like a school of krill or around [[whaling]] ships and trawlers. Krill and other crustaceans are the most important component of the diet but the species also feeds on small fish such as the [[Antarctic silverfish]] and squid.

Food is usually picked from the surface of the water but the bird will occasionally dive.

[[Category:Science]]
[[Category:Animals of Westarctica]]