Difference between revisions of "Snow petrel"

Snow petrel (view source)

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 The issue of taxonomy and nomenclature for this species is complex, and represents an example of many of the unusual problems which arise from the varied use of the terminology.
-The snow petrel was first named ''Procellaria nivea'' by Georg Forster, during Captain James Cook's third voyage in 1777. As Forster's mention of the petrel was only an observation, the authority of the name fell to Gmelin, in his Systema Naturae. Incidentally, a skin was procured by Cook, who noted this in his own account (1777). J. R. Forster painted a picture of it, and made measurements, as well, but only the latter were published, posthumously, by M. H. K. Lichtenstein in 1844. While Gmelin was recognized as the authority for P. nivea until the early 20th century, the evidence has allowed for Forster to be construed as such, as he had created the name. In addition, Latham (1785) had described the type, which was in the Leverian Museum, but did not invoke Forster's scientific name for it.
+The snow petrel was first named ''Procellaria nivea'' by Georg Forster, during Captain James Cook's third voyage in 1777. As Forster's mention of the petrel was only an observation, the authority of the name fell to Gmelin, in his Systema Naturae. Incidentally, a skin was procured by Cook, who noted this in his own account. J. R. Forster painted a picture of it, and made measurements, as well, but only the latter were published, posthumously, by M. H. K. Lichtenstein in 1844. While Gmelin was recognized as the authority for P. nivea until the early 20th century, the evidence has allowed for Forster to be construed as such, as he had created the name. In addition, Latham had described the type, which was in the Leverian Museum, but did not invoke Forster's scientific name for it.
 Charles Lucien Bonaparte, in his ''Conspectus Generum Avium'', volume II (1857), designated two subspecific binomial terms with no further descriptions to them: ''Pagodroma major'' and ''Pagodroma minor''. Contrary to Mathews in ''Novitates Zoologicae'' (1934), the two names do not represent alternative, new names for ''P. nivea'', but are subspecies, as well as ''nomen nudum'', on account of their being listed similar to how other subspecies Bonaparte listed in the Conspectus. Bonaparte also created the generic name ''Pagodroma'', in the Paris academic journal ''Compte Rendu''s (1856). James Francis Stephens (General Zoology, 1826) equated ''Pagodroma nivea'' in the genus ''Daption'', Heinrich Reichenbach (Avium Systema Naturale, 1852) included it in the genus ''Thalassoica'', and George Robert Gray (Hand-list of the Birds, 1871) included it in the genus ''Fulmarus''.