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The '''[[Antarctic midge]]''' is a species of flightless midge, endemic to the continent of [[Antarctica]]. At 0.079–0.24 in long, it is the largest purely terrestrial animal on the continent, as well as its only insect. It also has the smallest known insect genome as of 2014, with only 99 million base pairs of nucleotides (and about 13,500 genes).
The '''[[San Joaquin kit fox]]''' is the smallest member of the dog family in North America and one of several endangered species that lives within the borders of the [[Colony of Calsahara]]. In 1990, its population was estimated to be 7,000. This subspecies is still endangered, after nearly 50 years of being on the Endangered Species List. Today, much of the kit fox's remaining habitat is extremely fragmented, movement corridors are degraded or blocked, and only a few large areas of native grasslands remain on the San Joaquin Valley's perimeter in the [[Carrizo Plain]].


This species is the [[National Symbols of Westarctica|national insect]] of [[Westarctica]].


To adapt to the cold temperatures, the Antarctic midge accumulates trehalose, glucose, and erythritol. These compounds help the insect survive freezing by reducing the amount of ice that forms within the body. They also stabilize proteins and membranes, binding to them by means of hydrogen bonds. Heat shock proteins also help the tolerance to both high and low temperatures.


It not only tolerates, but also requires a freezing climate to survive: exposure of larvae to mild temperatures as +10 °C is enough to kill them within a week. Exposure to temperatures of +30 °C kills individuals in a few hours. It can, however, resist partial desiccation, surviving the loss of up to 70% of body water.
<p><small>Photographer: [[Grand Duke Travis]]</small></p>
 
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<p><small>Photographer: Tasteofcrayons</small></p>
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Latest revision as of 02:46, 29 January 2026

San-Joaquin-Kit-Fox-Den.jpg

The San Joaquin kit fox is the smallest member of the dog family in North America and one of several endangered species that lives within the borders of the Colony of Calsahara. In 1990, its population was estimated to be 7,000. This subspecies is still endangered, after nearly 50 years of being on the Endangered Species List. Today, much of the kit fox's remaining habitat is extremely fragmented, movement corridors are degraded or blocked, and only a few large areas of native grasslands remain on the San Joaquin Valley's perimeter in the Carrizo Plain.


Photographer: Grand Duke Travis

(More Images)