Difference between revisions of "Balleny Islands"

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[[File:Balleny Map1.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Map of the Balleny Islands]]
{| class="toccolours" border="1" cellpadding="4" style="float: right; width: 300px; margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; border-collapse: collapse; border-right-width:2px; border-bottom-width:2px; font-size: 95%;" width="300" align="right"
The '''Balleny Islands''' (66°55′S 163°45′E) are a series of uninhabited islands in the [[Southern Ocean]] extending from 66°15' to 67°35'S and 162°30' to 165°00'E. The group extends for about 160 km (99 mi) in a northwest-southeast direction. The islands are heavily glaciated and of volcanic origin. [[Glaciers]] project from their slopes into the sea. The islands were formed by the so-called Balleny hotspot.
|+ style="font-size: 160%; margin-left: inherit;" |'''The Balleny Islands'''
| colspan="2" align="center" | [[File:BALLENYISLANDSFLAG copy.jpg|300px|Flag]]<br/>Flag
|-
| colspan="2" align="center" | <small>Motto: ''A beautiful free land to mint a coin'' </small>
|-
| '''Government Type'''
| Colonial Administration
|-
| '''Founded'''
| 14 January 2005
|-
| '''Capital'''
| [[Sturge Island]]
|-
| '''Area'''
| 154 sq mi
|-
| '''Viceroy'''
| His Royal Highness, [[Crown Prince Ashton Roman]]''(Since 15 March 2024)''
|-
| '''Governor'''
| His Grace, the [[Duke of Sherman]] ''(Since 14 January 2005)''
|-
| '''Legislature'''
| Colonial Parliament
|-
| '''President of the Colonial Parliament'''
| His Grace, the [[Duke of Sherman]] ''(Since 5 May 2005)''
|}
 
The '''Balleny Islands''' (66°55′S 163°45′E) are a series of uninhabited islands in the [[Southern Ocean]] extending from 66°15' to 67°35'S and 162°30' to 165°00'E. The group extends for about 160 km (99 mi) in a northwest-southeast direction. The islands are heavily glaciated and of volcanic origin. [[glacier|Glaciers]] project from their slopes into the sea. The islands were formed by the so-called Balleny hotspot.  They were originally claimed by the United Kingdom, and were then transferred to New Zealand before becoming annexed by [[Westarctica]] in 2005.


The group includes three main islands: [[Young Island|Young]], [[Buckle Island|Buckle]] and [[Sturge Island|Sturge]], which lie in a line from northwest to southeast, and several smaller islets and rocks:
The group includes three main islands: [[Young Island|Young]], [[Buckle Island|Buckle]] and [[Sturge Island|Sturge]], which lie in a line from northwest to southeast, and several smaller islets and rocks:


* northeast of Young Island: Seal Rocks, Pillar
* northeast of Young Island: Seal Rocks, Pillar
* southeast of Young Island: Row Island, Borradaile Island (with Swan Base shelter hut)
* southeast of Young Island: Row Island, [[Borradaile Island]]
* south of Buckle Island: Scott Cone, Chinstrap Islet, [[Sabrina Island]] (with Sabrina Refuge shelter hut), and The Monolith
* south of Buckle Island: Scott Cone, [[Chinstrap Island]], [[Sabrina Island]], and [[The Monolith]]


Although claimed by New Zealand, the Balleny Islands were annexed by [[Westarctica]] in 2005. The islands are one of two areas claimed by Westarctica that are not contiguous with its primary territory.
The islands are one of two [[Antarctic]] areas claimed by Westarctica that are not part of [[Marie Byrd Land]] (the other is [[Peter I Island]], which is co-claimed by Norway).


==Island and rocks from north to south==
==Island and rocks from north to south==
 
[[File:Balleny Map1.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Map of the Balleny Islands]]
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: auto; margin-right: 0px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: auto; margin-right: 0px;"
|-style="background: #CCC;"
|-style="background: #CCC;"
Line 57: Line 87:
| 0
| 0
| 61
| 61
|  
| 200
|-
|-
| align="center" style="background: #EEE;" colspan=5| [[Buckle Island]] and satellite islets
| align="center" style="background: #EEE;" colspan=5| [[Buckle Island]] and satellite islets
|-
|-
|[[Buckle Island]]
|[[Buckle Island]]
| {{convert|123.6|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}
| 123.6
| {{convert|1238|m|ft|disp=table}}
| 47.7
| 1,238
| 4,062
|-
|-
| Scott Cone
| Scott Cone
| {{convert|0.0|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}
| 0.0
| {{convert|31|m|ft|disp=table}}
| 0
| 31
| 102
|-
|-
| Eliza Cone
| Eliza Cone
| {{convert|0.0|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}
| 0.0
| {{convert|67|m|ft|disp=table}}
| 0
| 67
| 220
|-
|-
| Chinstrap Islet
| [[Chinstrap Island]]
| {{convert|0.0|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}
| 0.15
| ||
| 0.093
| 75
| 246
|-
|-
| [[Sabrina Island]]
| [[Sabrina Island]]
| {{convert|0.2|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}
| 0.2
| {{convert|90|m|ft|disp=table}}
| 0.077
| 90
| 300
|-
|-
| The Monolith
| [[The Monolith]]
| {{convert|0.1|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}
| 0.1
| {{convert|79|m|ft|disp=table}}
| .039
| 79
| 259
|-
|-
| align="center" style="background: #EEE;" colspan=5| [[Sturge Island]] (no satellite islets)
| align="center" style="background: #EEE;" colspan=5| [[Sturge Island]] (no satellite islets)
|-
|-
| [[Sturge Island]]
| [[Sturge Island]]
| {{convert|437.4|km2|sqmi|disp=table}}
| 437.4
| align="right"| 1,705or<br/>1524
| 168.9
| align="right"| 5,594 or<br/>5,000<br/>Brown Peak
| 1,705
| 5,594
|-
|-
|}
|}


[[Borradaile Island]] is close to the [[Antarctic Circle]], in the eight kilometer channel between Young and Buckle Islands. [[Buckle Island]] and the nearby [[Sabrina Island]] are home to several colonies of [[Adélie penguin|Adelie]] and [[chinstrap penguin|chinstrap penguins]].
==Description==
[[File:Balleny islands.jpg|thumb|200px|Location of the Balleny Islands in relation to Antarctica]]
The islands are rocky, covered by ice, and extremely difficult to access. In his 2007 book, ''Below the Convergence'', author Alan Gurney describes the Balleny Islands as:
<blockquote>
Girded and guarded by pack ice, shrouded in fogs, virtually inaccessible to any landing from the sea, they present an impregnable fortress face to the Southern Ocean. If Antarctica had a mythology, these bleak and unwelcoming islands would be the home of evil-spirited trolls, wicked goblins, hunchbacked warlocks, and malignant dwarves. There is no joy in them.
</blockquote>


The English [[whaling]] captains John Balleny and Thomas Freeman first sighted the group during 1839: Freeman was the first person to land on any of the islands on 9 February 1839, and it was the first landing south of the Antarctic Circle. The islands' area totals 400 km2 (154 sq mi) and the highest point has been measured as 1,705 m (5,594 ft) or approximately 1500m (5000 feet) (the unclimbed Brown Peak on [[Sturge Island]]).
[[Borradaile Island]] is close to the [[Antarctic Circle]], in the eight kilometer channel between Young and Buckle Islands. [[Buckle Island]], [[Chinstrap Island]] and nearby [[Sabrina Island]] are home to colonies of [[Adélie penguin|Adélie]] and [[chinstrap penguin|chinstrap penguins]].
 
==Discovery==
The English [[whaling]] captains [[John Balleny]] and Thomas Freeman first sighted the group of islands during 1839: Freeman was the first person to land on any of the islands on 9 February 1839, and it was the first landing south of the Antarctic Circle. The islands' area totals 400 km2 (154 sq mi) and the highest point has been measured as 1,705 m (5,594 ft) or approximately 1500m (5000 feet) (the unclimbed Brown Peak on [[Sturge Island]]).
 
[[File:Balleny Islands - 1839 Enderby copy.jpg|thumb|600px|center|1839 etching of the Balleny Islands]]


==Geology==
==Geology==
Line 102: Line 155:


==Politics==
==Politics==
[[Marquis of Williamson|Jorge Fernandez Vidal]] learned about the Balleny Islands while researching unclaimed land in Antarctica. His intention was a find an area or region suitably outside the jurisdiction of other countries, that could be used as a basis for minting coins of his own design. Jorge settled on the Balleny Islands in March 2004, after closely examining the language used in the Antarctic Treaty and realizing that New Zealand's claim to the Balleny Islands could not be legally recognized by any nation, including their own. Therefore, it was highly unlikely New Zealand would ever mint coins for the islands on their own, and they were equally unlikely to assert any kind of legal jurisdiction if Jorge were to mint coins under the name of the Balleny Islands. In his own words, the islands were: “officially unclaimed. A beautiful free land to mint a coin.”
[[File:BALLENYISLANDSFLAG copy.jpg|thumb|right|Flag of the Balleny Islands, created by the Duke of Sherman in 2005.]]
[[Duke of Sherman|Jorge Fernandez Vidal]] learned about the Balleny Islands while researching unclaimed land in Antarctica. His intention was a find an area or region suitably outside the jurisdiction of other countries that could be used as a basis for minting coins of his own design.
 
Vidal settled on the Balleny Islands in March 2004, after closely examining the language used in the [[Antarctic Treaty]] and realizing that New Zealand's claim to the Balleny Islands could not be legally recognized by any nation, including their own. Therefore, it was highly unlikely New Zealand would ever mint coins for the islands on their own, and they were equally unlikely to assert any kind of legal jurisdiction if Vidal were to mint coins under the name of the Balleny Islands. In his own words, the islands were: “officially unclaimed. A beautiful free land to mint a coin.”
 
The Balleny Islands became a colony when [[Westarctica]] formally annexed it from New Zealand on 14 January 2005. Vidal was appointed its Governor, and following the first successful minting of the Balleny Islands coin, Vidal was given the title Count of Sturge.
 
==Government==
In May 2005, the Count of Sturge proclaimed the Balleny Autonomy Statue which became the governing law of the Balleny Islands. In it, he outlined the system of government and deliberately forfeited sovereignty as a colony of Westarctica.
 
The government consisted of the Colonial Parliament and their President. The Colonial Parliament was to be comprised of 30 members responsible for representing the territory, although as the population of the Balleny Islands never exceeded two or three people, there is no evidence this body ever met or conducted any official acts of governance. Members of parliament were to be elected to four-year terms and the body could only be dismissed by order of the [[Grand Duke of Westarctica]] in exceptional circumstances.


The Balleny Islands became a colony when [[Westarctica]] formally annexed it from New Zealand on January 14, 2005. Mr. Vidal was appointed its Governor, and following the first successful minting of the Balleny Islands coin, Jorge was given the title Count of Sturge.
===Viceroy===
On 15 March 2024, [[Grand Duke Travis]] appointed his son, [[Crown Prince Ashton Roman]] as [[Viceroy]] of the Balleny Islands. This position is currently the highest authority in the islands and exercises the power of the Westarctican Crown within the colony. The viceroy has the authority to dismiss the governor if he wishes.
 
===President of the Colonial Parliament===
As the leader of the Balleny Islands, the Count of Sturge served as President of the Colonial Parliament. According to the Balleny Autonomy Statue, this position is to be appointed by the Grand Duke of Westarctica from among the members of the [[Peerage of Westarctica]], but the appointment is subject to ratification by the Colonial Parliament.
 
==Symbols of the Islands==
[[File:Balleny-CoatofArms.gif|thumb|right|Coat of arms of the Balleny Islands]]
Two symbols were created by the Governor of the Balleny Islands shortly after they were annexed by Westarctica: the coat of arms and the flag. The coat of arms features heraldic devices from Spain, France, and the region where Mr. Vidal was born, as well as an [[emperor penguin]], the symbol of Westarctica.
 
The flag of the islands is the 2004 - 2008 flag of Westarctica with the colors reversed and the coat of arms of the Balleny Islands in the upper left quadrant in place of the crown of Westarctica.


===Coins===
===Coins===
The Balleny Islands coins were the first coins minted by the Central Bank, they were released in early 2005, shortly after the creation of the bank itself. The obverse of the coin shows Westarctica's original coat of arms as designed by [[Duke of Moulton-Berlin|Jon-Lawrence Langer]]. On the reverse is a map of the Balleny Islands showing the islands Young, Buckle, and Sturge. It was released in two different metals (bronze and silver), but otherwise, the two coins of the series are identical.
The Balleny Islands coins were the first [[Coins of Westarctica|coins]] minted by the [[Central Bank of Westarctica|Central Bank]], they were released in early 2005, shortly after the creation of the bank itself. The obverse of the coin shows Westarctica's original coat of arms as designed by [[Duke of Moulton-Berlin|Jon-Lawrence Langer]]. On the reverse is a map of the Balleny Islands showing the islands Young, Buckle, and Sturge. It was released in two different metals (bronze and silver), but otherwise, the two coins of the series are identical.
 
[[File:Coin-Balleny Island 1 2005 Bronze.jpg|thumb|300px|Balleny Islands Coin]]


===Stamps===
In 2005, Inzander Berenku, from the Sultanate of Occussi-Ambeno requested permission to create [[Stamps of Westarctica|stamps]] for the Balleny Islands. To assist in the creation of the stamps, Grand Duke Travis posed for a portrait and made it available for usage on the stamps. The stamps themselves each feature a different Westarctican animal along with a picture of the Grand Duke.


Although officially licensed by Westarctica, they are not considered to be part of the collection of official Westarctican postage stamps. These unusual, quasi-legal stamps can occasionally be found for sale by collectors online.
[[File:Coin-Balleny Island 1 2005 Bronze.jpg|thumb|left|300px|Balleny Islands Coin]]
[[File:Balleny Islands - Krill.jpg|thumb|right|The collection of four stamps.]]




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[[Category:Balleny Islands]]
[[Category:Balleny Islands]]
[[Category:Geography of Westarctica]]
[[Category:Geography of Westarctica]]
[[Category:Featured Articles]]
[[Category:Colonies of Westarctica]]

Latest revision as of 02:39, 16 March 2024

The Balleny Islands
Flag
Flag
Motto: A beautiful free land to mint a coin
Government Type Colonial Administration
Founded 14 January 2005
Capital Sturge Island
Area 154 sq mi
Viceroy His Royal Highness, Crown Prince Ashton Roman(Since 15 March 2024)
Governor His Grace, the Duke of Sherman (Since 14 January 2005)
Legislature Colonial Parliament
President of the Colonial Parliament His Grace, the Duke of Sherman (Since 5 May 2005)

The Balleny Islands (66°55′S 163°45′E) are a series of uninhabited islands in the Southern Ocean extending from 66°15' to 67°35'S and 162°30' to 165°00'E. The group extends for about 160 km (99 mi) in a northwest-southeast direction. The islands are heavily glaciated and of volcanic origin. Glaciers project from their slopes into the sea. The islands were formed by the so-called Balleny hotspot. They were originally claimed by the United Kingdom, and were then transferred to New Zealand before becoming annexed by Westarctica in 2005.

The group includes three main islands: Young, Buckle and Sturge, which lie in a line from northwest to southeast, and several smaller islets and rocks:

The islands are one of two Antarctic areas claimed by Westarctica that are not part of Marie Byrd Land (the other is Peter I Island, which is co-claimed by Norway).

Island and rocks from north to south

Map of the Balleny Islands
Island/Rock Area Highest peak
km2 sq mi m ft
Young Island and satellite islets
Seal Rocks 0.0 0 15 49
Pillar 0.0 0 51 167
Young Island 255.4 98.6 1340 4,400
Row Island 1.7 0.66 183 600
Borradaile Island 3.5 1.4 381 1,250
Beale Pinnacle 0.0 0 61 200
Buckle Island and satellite islets
Buckle Island 123.6 47.7 1,238 4,062
Scott Cone 0.0 0 31 102
Eliza Cone 0.0 0 67 220
Chinstrap Island 0.15 0.093 75 246
Sabrina Island 0.2 0.077 90 300
The Monolith 0.1 .039 79 259
Sturge Island (no satellite islets)
Sturge Island 437.4 168.9 1,705 5,594

Description

Location of the Balleny Islands in relation to Antarctica

The islands are rocky, covered by ice, and extremely difficult to access. In his 2007 book, Below the Convergence, author Alan Gurney describes the Balleny Islands as:

Girded and guarded by pack ice, shrouded in fogs, virtually inaccessible to any landing from the sea, they present an impregnable fortress face to the Southern Ocean. If Antarctica had a mythology, these bleak and unwelcoming islands would be the home of evil-spirited trolls, wicked goblins, hunchbacked warlocks, and malignant dwarves. There is no joy in them.

Borradaile Island is close to the Antarctic Circle, in the eight kilometer channel between Young and Buckle Islands. Buckle Island, Chinstrap Island and nearby Sabrina Island are home to colonies of Adélie and chinstrap penguins.

Discovery

The English whaling captains John Balleny and Thomas Freeman first sighted the group of islands during 1839: Freeman was the first person to land on any of the islands on 9 February 1839, and it was the first landing south of the Antarctic Circle. The islands' area totals 400 km2 (154 sq mi) and the highest point has been measured as 1,705 m (5,594 ft) or approximately 1500m (5000 feet) (the unclimbed Brown Peak on Sturge Island).

1839 etching of the Balleny Islands

Geology

In the archipelago, the Buckle, Sturge and Young Islands are examples of stratovolcanoes. Strong earthquakes very close to the islands are rare, but tremors of moderate strength do occur over the Pacific–Antarctic Ridge, Macquarie Triple Junction and Pacific Rim between the Balleny Islands and Macquarie Island. Other earthquakes occur near the Southeast Indian Ridge and Balleny Fracture Zone, including a magnitude 8.1 earthquake in 1998 that struck just over 700 km (430 mi) west-northwest of the Islands.

Politics

Flag of the Balleny Islands, created by the Duke of Sherman in 2005.

Jorge Fernandez Vidal learned about the Balleny Islands while researching unclaimed land in Antarctica. His intention was a find an area or region suitably outside the jurisdiction of other countries that could be used as a basis for minting coins of his own design.

Vidal settled on the Balleny Islands in March 2004, after closely examining the language used in the Antarctic Treaty and realizing that New Zealand's claim to the Balleny Islands could not be legally recognized by any nation, including their own. Therefore, it was highly unlikely New Zealand would ever mint coins for the islands on their own, and they were equally unlikely to assert any kind of legal jurisdiction if Vidal were to mint coins under the name of the Balleny Islands. In his own words, the islands were: “officially unclaimed. A beautiful free land to mint a coin.”

The Balleny Islands became a colony when Westarctica formally annexed it from New Zealand on 14 January 2005. Vidal was appointed its Governor, and following the first successful minting of the Balleny Islands coin, Vidal was given the title Count of Sturge.

Government

In May 2005, the Count of Sturge proclaimed the Balleny Autonomy Statue which became the governing law of the Balleny Islands. In it, he outlined the system of government and deliberately forfeited sovereignty as a colony of Westarctica.

The government consisted of the Colonial Parliament and their President. The Colonial Parliament was to be comprised of 30 members responsible for representing the territory, although as the population of the Balleny Islands never exceeded two or three people, there is no evidence this body ever met or conducted any official acts of governance. Members of parliament were to be elected to four-year terms and the body could only be dismissed by order of the Grand Duke of Westarctica in exceptional circumstances.

Viceroy

On 15 March 2024, Grand Duke Travis appointed his son, Crown Prince Ashton Roman as Viceroy of the Balleny Islands. This position is currently the highest authority in the islands and exercises the power of the Westarctican Crown within the colony. The viceroy has the authority to dismiss the governor if he wishes.

President of the Colonial Parliament

As the leader of the Balleny Islands, the Count of Sturge served as President of the Colonial Parliament. According to the Balleny Autonomy Statue, this position is to be appointed by the Grand Duke of Westarctica from among the members of the Peerage of Westarctica, but the appointment is subject to ratification by the Colonial Parliament.

Symbols of the Islands

Coat of arms of the Balleny Islands

Two symbols were created by the Governor of the Balleny Islands shortly after they were annexed by Westarctica: the coat of arms and the flag. The coat of arms features heraldic devices from Spain, France, and the region where Mr. Vidal was born, as well as an emperor penguin, the symbol of Westarctica.

The flag of the islands is the 2004 - 2008 flag of Westarctica with the colors reversed and the coat of arms of the Balleny Islands in the upper left quadrant in place of the crown of Westarctica.

Coins

The Balleny Islands coins were the first coins minted by the Central Bank, they were released in early 2005, shortly after the creation of the bank itself. The obverse of the coin shows Westarctica's original coat of arms as designed by Jon-Lawrence Langer. On the reverse is a map of the Balleny Islands showing the islands Young, Buckle, and Sturge. It was released in two different metals (bronze and silver), but otherwise, the two coins of the series are identical.

Stamps

In 2005, Inzander Berenku, from the Sultanate of Occussi-Ambeno requested permission to create stamps for the Balleny Islands. To assist in the creation of the stamps, Grand Duke Travis posed for a portrait and made it available for usage on the stamps. The stamps themselves each feature a different Westarctican animal along with a picture of the Grand Duke.

Although officially licensed by Westarctica, they are not considered to be part of the collection of official Westarctican postage stamps. These unusual, quasi-legal stamps can occasionally be found for sale by collectors online.

Balleny Islands Coin
The collection of four stamps.